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Search for "automated platforms" in Full Text gives 3 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides
- Giulio Fittolani,
- Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas,
- Denisa Vargová,
- Manishkumar A. Chaube and
- Martina Delbianco
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1981–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.129
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Overview of the methods available for the synthesis of polysaccharides. For each method, advantages...
Figure 2: Overview of the classes of polysaccharides discussed in this review. Each section deals with polysa...
Scheme 1: Enzymatic and chemical polymerization approaches provide cellulose oligomers with a non-uniform dis...
Scheme 2: AGA of a collection of cellulose analogues obtained using BBs 6–9. Specifically placed modification...
Figure 3: Chemical structure of the different branches G, X, L, F commonly found in XGs. Names are given foll...
Scheme 3: AGA of XG analogues with defined side chains. The AGA cycle includes coupling (TMSOTf), Fmoc deprot...
Figure 4: Synthetic strategies and issues associated to the formation of the β(1–3) linkage.
Scheme 4: Convergent synthesis of β(1–3)-glucans using a regioselective glycosylation strategy.
Scheme 5: DMF-mediated 1,2-cis glycosylation. A) General mechanism and B) examples of α-glucans prepared usin...
Scheme 6: Synergistic glycosylation strategy employing a nucleophilic modulation strategy (TMSI and Ph3PO) in...
Scheme 7: Different approaches to produce xylans. A) Polymerization techniques including ROP, and B) enzymati...
Scheme 8: A) Synthesis of arabinofuranosyl-decorated xylan oligosaccharides using AGA. Representative compoun...
Scheme 9: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of COS utilizing a lysozyme-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction followed...
Scheme 10: Synthesis of COS using an orthogonal glycosylation strategy based on the use of two different LGs.
Scheme 11: Orthogonal N-PGs permitted the synthesis of COS with different PA.
Scheme 12: AGA of well-defined COS with different PA using two orthogonally protected BBs. The AGA cycle inclu...
Scheme 13: A) AGA of β(1–6)-N-acetylglucosamine hexasaccharide and dodecasaccharide. AGA includes cycles of co...
Figure 5: ‘Double-faced’ chemistry exemplified for ᴅ-Man and ʟ-Rha. Constructing β-Man linkages is considerab...
Figure 6: Implementation of a capping step after each glycosylation cycle for the AGA of a 50mer oligomannosi...
Scheme 14: AGA enabled the synthesis of a linear α(1–6)-mannoside 100mer 93 within 188 h and with an average s...
Scheme 15: The 151mer branched polymannoside was synthesized by a [30 + 30 + 30 + 30 + 31] fragment coupling. ...
Figure 7: PG stereocontrol strategy to obtain β-mannosides. A) The mechanism of the β-mannosylation reaction ...
Scheme 16: A) Mechanism of 1,2-cis stereoselective glycosylation using ManA donors. Once the ManA donor is act...
Figure 8: A) The preferred 4H3 conformation of the gulosyl oxocarbenium ion favors the attack of the alcohol ...
Scheme 17: AGA of type I rhamnans up to 16mer using disaccharide BB 115 and CNPiv PG. The AGA cycle includes c...
Figure 9: Key BBs for the synthesis of the O-antigen of Bacteroides vulgatus up to a 128mer (A) and the CPS o...
Figure 10: Examples of type I and type II galactans synthesized to date.
Figure 11: A) The DTBS PG stabilizes the 3H4 conformation of the Gal oxocarbenium ion favoring the attack of t...
Figure 12: Homogalacturonan oligosaccharides synthesized to date. Access to different patterns of methyl-ester...
Figure 13: GlfT2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyzes the sequential addition of UPD-Galf donor to a grow...
Figure 14: The poor reactivity of acceptor 137 hindered a stepwise synthesis of the linear galactan backbone a...
Scheme 18: AGA of a linear β(1–5) and β(1–6)-linked galactan 20mer. The AGA cycle includes coupling (NIS/TfOH)...
Figure 15: The 92mer arabinogalactan was synthesized using a [31 + 31 + 30] fragment coupling between a 31mer ...
Scheme 19: Synthesis of the branched arabinofuranose fragment using a six component one-pot synthesis. i) TTBP...
Figure 16: A) Chemical structure and SNFG of the representative disaccharide units forming the GAG backbones, ...
Figure 17: Synthetic challenges associated to the H/HS synthesis.
Scheme 20: Degradation of natural heparin and heparosan generated valuable disaccharides 150 and 151 that can ...
Scheme 21: A) The one-step conversion of cyanohydrin 156 to ʟ-iduronamide 157 represent the key step for the s...
Scheme 22: A) Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin structures, using different types of UDP activated natural a...
Scheme 23: Synthesis of the longest synthetic CS chain 181 (24mer) using donor 179 and acceptor 180 in an iter...
Scheme 24: AGA of a collection of HA with different lengths. The AGA cycle includes coupling (TfOH) and Lev de...
A recursive microfluidic platform to explore the emergence of chemical evolution
- David Doran,
- Marc Rodriguez-Garcia,
- Rebecca Turk-MacLeod,
- Geoffrey J. T. Cooper and
- Leroy Cronin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1702–1709, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.164
- : artificial life; autocatalysis; automated platforms; chemical evolution; evolution before genes; evolution first; microfluidics; Introduction The transition from an inanimate inorganic world, principally consisting of minerals, gases and small organic compounds, to the living world with the first life forms
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Evolution of life from non-living, complex chemistry via chemical evolution of complex chemical com...
Figure 2: Schematic describing the evolutionary process. The inner circle represents the robotic process and ...
Figure 3: Recursive size-based selection and recirculation of droplets. Monodisperse droplets loaded with com...
Figure 4: Osmotic exchange and coarsening of co-incubating aqueous microdroplets. 50 mM glycylglycine and pur...
Figure 5: Real-time, LabVIEWTM tracking of osmosis-driven coarsening of 50 mM glycylglycine and pure water dr...
Figure 6: Process of the automated microfluidic platform, in which recursive evolution is applied at both ind...
Figure 7: The proposed device for droplet selection and evolution. The device is comprised of the following m...
Figure 8: Photographic images of individual microfluidic modules, fabricated our laboratory in PDMS from stan...
Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic
- Chinmay A. Shukla and
- Amol A. Kulkarni
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 960–987, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.97
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: A number of experiments for various optimization algorithms [46].
Figure 2: Symbols used for block and P&ID diagrams.
Scheme 1: Multistep synthesis of olanzapine (Hartwig et al. [10])
Figure 3: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 1, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Scheme 2: Multistep flow synthesis for tamoxifen (Murray et al. [11]).
Figure 4: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 2, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Figure 5: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 3, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Scheme 3: Multistep flow synthesis of rufinamide (Zhang et al. [14]).
Figure 6: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 4, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Scheme 4: Multistep synthesis for (±)-Oxomaritidine (Baxendale et al. [9]).
Figure 7: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 5, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Scheme 5: Multistep synthesis for ibuprofen (Snead and Jamison [60]).
Scheme 6: Multistep synthesis for cinnarizine and buclizine derivatives (Borukhova et al. [23])
Figure 8: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 6, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Scheme 7: Multistep synthesis for (S)-rolipram (Tsubogo et al. [4])
Figure 9: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 7 (colours for each reactor shows different...
Figure 10: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 8, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...
Scheme 8: Multistep synthesis for amitriptyline (Kupracz and Kirschning [7]).
